This specialized treatment approach focuses on the craniosacral system comprised of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, cranial bones and sacrum. This craniosacral system contains fluid which moves with slight but perceptible rhythmic fluctuation. By using gentle pressure, tension in the body is reduced and balance is restored to the central nervous system. Promoted by Dr. John Upledger, an osteopathic physician and researcher, craniosacral therapy can help adults and children suffering from traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, central nervous system disorders, motor-coordination impairments and attention deficit disorders. Upledger’s course is taught through post-graduate workshops to healthcare professionals. Many practitioners, however, believe four years of osteopathic training is the minimum for effective therapy. Cranial osteopathy was pioneered in the 1930s by Dr. William Sutherland, an American osteopath. Physician training is required to specialize in cranial osteopathy.