Using physical manipulation of muscle and connective tissue, Bowen technique is designed to balance the body and stimulate energy flow. The technique is named after Australian Tom Bowen, an industrial chemist who in the 1950s introduced the concept of having periods of rest between a series of movements within a treatment session. It is effective for sprains and strains resulting from sports activity, back pain, neck pain and virtually any pain of musculoskeletal origin, acute or chronic. Bowen technique is now taught by Oswald and Elaine Rentsch at the Bowen Therapy Academy in Australia. Training and certification program requires 165 hours.